Monday, December 30, 2019

Metabolism Diabetes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2019 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Metabolism is an essential process of chemical reactions, needed for energy, that occurs inside the cells that function throughout the body. One of the most widespread metabolic diseases is diabetes. Diabetes is considered a chronic disease with several pathogenic processes that, range from autoimmune destruction of the -cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action (American Diabetes Association 2010, p. S62). My six-foot, 210 pounds, 77-year-old male client suffered major consequences from the deadly, chronic disease of diabetes. The cause of type one diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where there is an absolute deficiency in insulin ( -cells) secretion from the pancreas endocrine cells, also known as, the islets of Langerhans. Markers of the immune destruction of the -cell include islet cell autoantibodies, autoantibodies to insulin, autoantibodies to [the enzyme] GAD (GAD65), and autoantibodies to the tyrosine phosphatases IA-2 and IA-2 (American Diabetes Association 2010, p. S63). GAD65 and tyrosine phosphatases IA-2 and IA-2 are both antibodies that are used to diagnose type one diabetes. Type two diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and is referred to as, insulin resistant or non-insulin dependent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Metabolism Diabetes" essay for you Create order Glucose is abundant throughout the blood and isnt taken up into the cells due to inability to use the insulin properly; yet, -cells are not destroyed in type two. Majority of people diagnosed with type two diabetes are obese. Gestational diabetes is defined as, any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy (American Diabetes Association 2010, p. S65). This type of diabetes is similar to type two; yet, when birth of the child occurs, the gestational diabetes usually disappears. Diabetes impacts many different processes that occur inside the body as well as outside. The things most impacted by diabetes, that have also caused a major toll on my clients body, are; nutrition, fluid and electrolyte balance, tissue-integrity, mobility, wound-healing, and perfusion. The biggest problems faced by upcoming diabetics today, according to Waqas Samis review article, Effects of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review, food choices, size of portions and sedentary lifestyle have increased dramatically that resulted in high risk of obesity (Sami 2017, p. 67). With diabetes, a bad nutritious pattern can lead to major complications. The most basic diet for diabetics is the consistent carb diet. This diet includes eating the same amount of carbohydrates at each meal. Usually, a dietitian will help pick out an amount right for the individual based on their blood sugar, weight, and activity levels. Many people fear that they will have to completely stop eating foods they love, when in reality, they just need to eat smaller portions or eat them less often. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are another major concern for diabetic patients. An increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) causes the kidneys to work overtime to try and excrete the excess glucose. This excretion happens through urine, producing polyuria. When there is an increase in urinary output, there is also an increase in the amount of water and electrolytes lost, causing fluid and electrolyte imbalances. This is a major concern for my client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) because, his kidneys do not filter as proper as a healthy individuals. Perfusion is, essential for the integrity of tissue and organ function (Levy et al. 2018, p.968). Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to vessel walls (and cell walls) stiffening and becoming rigid. Narrowing of the vessel walls lead to little or no perfusion of blood to the tissues. Complications of DM2 involve a myriad of comorbidities including the serious complications of poor wound healing, chronic ulceration, and resultant limb amputation (Okonkwo DiPietro 2017, p.1). My clients history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were the effects of blood vessel damage from chronic hyperglycemia and being a long-term smoker. This led to low perfusion to his tissues and organs, which caused them to start failing. Due to low oxygenation getting sent to the peripheral tissues, he started experiencing peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage, usually to the hands and feet. This led to tissue integrity problems, such as diabetic pressure ulcers on his heels. Minor wounds often lead to chronic, nonhealing ulcers that are predisposed to infection (Greenhalgh 2003, p.37). With these ulcers forming, it created a higher need for those tissues to get oxygen; his vessels were too damaged to perfuse this oxygen needed to those affected tissues. Without any oxygen or blood circulating to those tissues, the ulcers couldnt heal fast enough causing progression of the infection, which led to hospitalization. When he was hospitalized, the ulcers on his heels had already become necrotic. This tissue death caused him a lot of pain which left him bedridden. Being bedridden leads to; no mobility, slower perfusion, slower wound healing, increased risk for more pressure injuries, and much more possibilities that cause this cycle to keep going. Diagnosis of type two diabetes, can be made with an A1C level of 6.5% or greater, a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or greater, or a two-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or greater during an oral glucose tolerance test with 75-g glucose load; however, testing should be repeated on a subsequent day to confirm the diagnosis (Pippitt Gurgle 2016, p. 106). As stated in the quote, these glucose readings should be abnormal on two different visits to ensure there was no error. These abnormal readings will usually be accompanied by symptoms of hyperglycemia such as; polydipsia, polyuria, and unexplained weight loss. When my client first was first admitted to the hospital his A1C was 8.0%, which means his average plasma glucose level was 183 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L). With blood glucose levels this high, many complications can arise (like experienced with my client). Medications and lifestyle changes are the best way to avoid these issues. Oral medications, such as Metformin and Glipizide, are used in defense against hyperglycemia. Metformin is considered the agent of first line for treatment of T2DM, in the absence of contraindications (Mar ­n-Pe ±alver 2016, p. 359, 360). Metformin works by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is the break-down of proteins to glucose. It also aids in the decrease of intestinal glucose absorption. A therapeutic outcome of Metformin is that it, decreases fasting blood glucose by approximately 20% and HbA1c by 1.5% (Mar ­n-Pe ±alver 2016, p.360). Glipizide is another anti-hyperglycemic drug that, [stimulates] pancreatic islet beta-cells, which increases insulin secretion (Elseviers Clinical Key, 2018). Injectable agents, such as insulin, are used for treatment of diabetes as well. There are four main injectable insulin categories; rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting (NPH), and long-acting. Short-acting and rapid-acting insulins are used for prevention of hyperglycemia following meals. NPH and long-acting insulins are used for basal insulin coverage over a longer period of time. Intermediate- and long-acting insulins can cause low blood glucose if they are absorbed too quickly. Insulin that is kept warm, rather than at room temperature, may also be absorbed too quickly by the body. Massaging the site of injection can also speed the absorption of insulin, as can exercise (John Hopkins University, Basal Insulins (Intermediate and Long-Acting)). Diet and exercise (weight loss) are the two most modifiable treatments for type two diabetes. With being an overweight diabetic, my clients first focus should be on his nutrition. Even small changes in ones diet can be effective. Diabetic dietary patterns, emphasizes a consumption of fat primarily from foods high in unsaturated fatty acids, and encourages daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy products and whole grains, low consumption of fish, poultry, tree nuts, legumes, very less consumption of red meat (Asif 2014, p.2). My client and I discussed the importance of maintaining a healthy and balanced diet to decrease the risk for any more diabetic complications. He was surprised to hear that fruits and vegetables had such a good impact on his health. After we finish discussing a good amount of healthy food options, he went on to state that he was going to include more fruits and vegetables in his everyday diet to better his health. He also stated that he was going to eat whole grain bread instead of white bread to ensure he received all the beneficial nutrients that isnt incorporated into white bread. A safe and effective range for weight loss is one to two pounds per week. Another way to calculate weight loss, other than a scale, is to count cut calories. According to Eve Guths research article, Healthy Weight Loss, A total of 3500 calories equals 1 pound of body weight. This means if you decrease (or increase) your intake by 500 calories daily, you will lose (or gain) 1 pound per week (Nabel 2010 ch.3). Losing weight and eating a healthy diet (cutting down portion sizes) are two modifiable factors discussed with my client about how to effectively improve his diabetes and its complications. I would like to see my client lose one pound a week until he reaches a healthy weight for his height. After he loses the appropriate amount of weight, I would like him to try and maintain that balanced weight to height ratio. This will allow him to improve his diabetic condition and improve his ability to have proper wound healing. Smoking cessation was another concern discussed with my client. According to the CDC, smokers are 30â€Å"40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than nonsmokers (Smoking and Diabetes 2018). Complications from smoking have increased his perfusion issues, oxygenation issues, and slow-wound healing process. Smoking causes, increased blood pressure and altered lipid profiles in smokers with diabetes [and encourages] development of insulin resistance syndrome, setting patients up for further cardiovascular problems (Sherman 2005, p. 202). Insulin resistance is a result from decreased absorption of insulin through subcutaneous tissue (from smoking), therefore, leading to an increase in insulin requirement. My client and I discussed the effects smoking had on his overall health and how it may worsen the complications he experiences from diabetes; such as, wound healing, perfusion issues, etc. We also went over many different types of smoking cessation techniques (classes, gum, patches, activities). He understood that quitting did not have to happen abruptly although, it had to happen sooner rather than later. My client had listed back to me the effects smoking had on his body and how it complicated his diabetes. After, he agreed to decrease the number of cigarettes he smoked each day, and to attend cycling classes along with indoor water aerobics to keep his mind busy and increase activity. Aside from smoking and diet, wound-healing was another topic discussed with my client. It was especially important due to the necrotic diabetic ulcers on his heels. If not treated quickly or appropriately, diabetic ulcers can become infected and may lead to amputation. I helped to educate him on the signs and symptoms of infection to decrease the possibility of serious complications, such as amputation. The treatment of diabetic wounds begins with preventative measures that include both controlling hyperglycemia and preventative foot maintenance (Greenhalgh 2003, p. 41). After a visit from the wound care nurse, we discussed the importance of maintaining a clean wound and eating a balanced diet, high in protein to prevent from further infection. Before I left, my client was able to correctly demonstrate the technique for cleaning his wound (starting from the middle and dabbing around in a circle to the edge) with a normal saline soaked gauze. Diagnosis of type two diabetes is increasing every day. People are getting diagnosed younger than 20! The health care system is coming up with more and more ways to try and help decrease this sky-rocketing rate. People are getting tricked into thinking some junk food is healthy just because of food marketing labeling it fat-free or sugar-free. What people arent realizing is that when food is rid of fat or sugar, it is replaced with something artificial or worse, just with a different name on the label. Following the safest and most effective practices, I was able to discuss these topics with my client and provide optimal care during my time spent with him. I allowed time for him to express his concerns and provided him with feedback/knowledge to lead him to a fast and healthy recovery.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

A Critical Review of Animal Farm Essay - 1643 Words

A Critical Review of Animal Farm Once again, George Orwell shows his literary genius in writing. Through a brilliantly designed plot, the evidence for the horrors of totalitarianism, communism, and revolution have been shown. Throughout history, these types of events have destroyed societies, and George Orwell uses his strength in satire to show this. In someways, he even pokes fun at the communist regimes around the world by symbolizing them as animals. Truly, this book is not only serious in its message and theme, but it also gives a very entertaining story at the same time. Any astute reader will see why this book alone was able to propel Orwell into a life of prosperity and wealth (â€Å"Animal†). George Orwell ingeniously shows the†¦show more content†¦Orwell himself was actually a socialist. However, he did not agree with the way the totalitarian societies that were communist were run. Specifically, the policies of Joseph Stalin embodied his hatred (Allbery). Th ese beliefs are portrayed very well in Animal Farm. Animal Farm does not sacrifice its plot for political satire at all. In fact, the integrates plot completely into the story, starting with the exposition. At the beginning, Major, a very old boar living on Manor Farm, calls the farm animals together for a meeting of great importance. Respected throughout the farm for his wisdom and intelligence, he tells the animals about a vision he has when all animals would someday be free from human rule. A few days later, he dies. Awaiting the day when they may take over the farm, the animals are stirred into a rebellious fervor,. The initial incident is this rebellion they are waiting for. They overthrow Mr. Jones, their owner, and drive him out of the farm and down the road. They replace the sign for Manor Farm with a sign saying Animal Farm. For quite awhile after this, they begin running the farm as animals. Wanting all animals to be equal, the animals, specifically the pigs, set up laws f or themselves to follow. Jobs are given according to ability and type of creature that they are. Having great strength, the horses take the more physical jobs, such as plowing. The pigs are quite intelligent, so they begin to become the leaders ofShow MoreRelatedCritical Review of Animal Farm2575 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Animal Farm† Bibliography: Orwell, George. â€Å"Animal Farm.† New York: Penguin Books Ltd, 1989 Introduction and Summary: Animal farm is an animal fable with a deliberate purpose. It is very realistic about society and its politics.  There are a number of conflicts in Animal Farm: the animals versus Mr. Jones, Snowball versus Napoleon, the common animals versus the pigs, Animal Farm versus the neighbouring humans, but all of them are expressions of the underlying tension between the oppressorsRead MoreFood Matters : Film Review1162 Words   |  5 PagesFood Matters: Film Review Food Matters is a 2008 documentary about the kinds of foods that people are consuming. It discusses the western diet that we have grown accustomed to with the processed, sugary, and fatty laden foods that is causing our disease state to increase every day. This documentary also explores how food can be the healing medicine to our bodies. The popular quote by Hippocrates on the front says â€Å"let thy food by thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food†. 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Foer quotes using reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN â€Å"Factory farming has made animal agriculture the No. 1 contributor to global warming†¦and one of the Top 2 or 3 causes of the most serious environmental problems, both global and local: air and water pollution, deforestation, loss of biodiversity.† (457) Looking at these facts oneRead MoreOrwell s Animal Farm As A Critique Of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation And How Tyranny Operates1475 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm as a critique of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation and How Tyranny Operates Literature is said to be the mirror of a society and one of the major functions of it has been to make people aware of their surroundings as well as themselves. While many writers of today might digress from the true purpose of writing, the classics have always held a special place in what may be called as the awakening of the individuals. In this context, George Orwell’s Animal Farm- A Fairy StoryRead MoreThe Use Of Veterinary Antibiotics998 Words   |  4 Pagesconversion of natural resources to food animal products. (Ronquillo Angeles Hernadez, 2016) Antimicrobial consumption has a heterogenic geographic distribution, depending on the legislation in each continent and country, level of industrialization of animal production and characteristics of the market for food animal products. (Ronquillo Angeles Hernadez, 2016) Cully (2014) reported that in United States 80% antibiotic are used as growth promoter in food producing animal and they use about 1.5 times moreRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell And Animal Farm Essay2095 Words   |  9 PagesRichard Cortez Professor Sharon Pittman HUM 314 13 December 2016 George Orwell and Animal Farm: The Provocative Written Word in Political Protest INTRODUCTION AND THESIS Many writers, artists, novelists, journalists, and the sort seek to bring awareness to political and cultural issues through their work. It is not often, though, that their work attains such critically acclaimed status and subsequently creates a platform by which people are moved to respond to the writing’s purpose. George OrwellRead MoreNeed Of The Study Of Women1492 Words   |  6 Pagesunique characteristics of existing microfinance models can be leveraged to bring more women entrepreneurs into the formal financial sector by building on microfinance credit histories. LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review is divided into four parts. The first part of the literature review showcases the growth of women entrepreneurs in India. It is estimated that women entrepreneurs presently comprise about 10 per cent of the total number of entrepreneurs in India, with the percentage growingRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing1728 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"twenty-five million and 30 million† animals are exploited in experiments; â€Å"half are only used through education† (Donna 7). â€Å"A 40% is applied in basic research, the 26% for drug development, a 20% are examined for products, and the 14% that is left is applied on education and miscellaneous† (Donna 5). The inhumane cruelty affects the innocent creatures. Animals should only be used for education, and research purposes. Therefore, regulations must increase on animal protection. Increasing policiesRead MoreThe Code Of Welfare Act Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesinform the owners of pigs, and people that are in contact with them, about the minimum standards that must obeyed by in order to meet there obligations under the animal welfare act 1999 (the act). There are several occurrences in this code where the stockperson/people are left to make a judgement on whether they are carrying out the animal welfare act appropriately, rather than it being prescribed. Within the minimum standards the stockperson/people are to make sure all Pigs physical health and behavioural

Saturday, December 14, 2019

U.S Economy Cause and Effect Free Essays

Essay #2 cause and effect essay. (1084) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Ben Soloviev As America is going through economical disfunction’s, Â  it is apparent that many people fear for losing their job because in such a depression it would make it impossible to be well off comfortably due to the demand of money needed for all the basic essentials especially in Orange County. Orange County happens the be one of the more expensive areas in the state and it is crucial to always have a steady income as life here is not cheap but well worth it. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S Economy Cause and Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many Americans are in search for work and are struggling to make a living. As the job hunting goes on, many job opportunities are overseen to due to programs such unemployment. The percentage of unemployment has sky rocketed over the past few years leaving it up to us, tax payers with job to pay for such needs. Unemployment is not fair for all, most people would say. There are a percentage of people who truly have no other choice of surviving unless they depend on this crucial unemployment program. Although unemployment is crucial for some, it is not necessary for a portion of the people due to the simple fact that they are not trying hard enough to seek new job opportunities. Instead they a letting opportunities slide right past them every single day they are not looking for work. Many people depend on unemployment alone, because most people would prefer to get paid for doing nothing while they have the chance too. Many people take advantage of this privilege and only it do they follow. A huge downfall due to unemployment for us people with a steady income and a consistent employment is the fact that we have to pay for the unemployed. Hardworking people work to support themselves also end up paying taxes which a percentage of that goes to the unemployed. By increasing our taxes the government collects money all around. This dramatically decreases the standard of living for us citizens. Although unemployment has it’s pros and is a huge opportunity for people in struggles or going through loss of unemployment. It also puts a major dependability on hard working citizens who are forced to pay high taxes which a certain percentage are collected to pay for the unemployed. Many people abuse unemployment for as long as they can and only pretend to seek work but instead just prefer to do nothing but make something which not only is unfair but also not right. Unemployment not only affects certain individuals but it also puts a decrease on the standard of living here in the United states which affects everybody around us. How to cite U.S Economy Cause and Effect, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Nightmare World Essay Example For Students

Nightmare World Essay Analasys of Nightmare WorldBy Luke MillerIn the essay, Nightmare World by Stanley J. Solomon, he talks about how a horror film is a safe place to confront fear and violence that pervades our life. Its the fear in our minds that we have, and it is the fear that we can release by watching a scarey movie. One thing that he doesnt discuss that I wish that he would have, is how he doesnt get into any different medias. Stanley J. Solomon really elaborates very well about how the American scarey movie is a great place to really let our fears out. It is a safe contained atmosphere where nothing physically negitive can happen to you. The scarey movie is really a rarity in todays society if you look in the past, there might not be as many scary movies, but in ratio to todays movies it is a lot higher. Just because therre is a lot more junk on the silver screen today. The visual images in a scarey movie really represents our fears in our minds. Like the huge shark in Jaws is a evil image that represents fear in our minds. But it is the fears in our minds that needs to be realeased. And that is where the horror film comes into play, giving us a safe enviornment to watch and release those fears. As compared to going out o a boat and trying to get as close as you can to death. For on reason it is a lot cheaper to spend your 6 dollars at a movie theater, compared to hundreds or thousands out on a boat in th e unpredictable atomosphere of the ocean. One person that could really bring out fears that lurk in the Nightmare World of our head, was Alfred Hitchcock. He would use a couple different kinds of danger to scare the veiwer. He would use the kind where the person that is going to get murdered doesnt even know that it is coming, but yet the veiwer can see it clear as day, and the viewer can almost predict how the victim is going to get murdered. The second type that Alfred Hitchcock was really great at, is where everyone knows that the victim is in trouble including the victim. It is really just a waiting game, as to when and how he/she is going to get killed. In most of these situatoins it is a helpless young attractive female who knows the killer is in her house and is just waiting to get slain. One movie that really portrays this well is the Scream triligy. On thing that Stanley J. Solomon never got around to in his essay is other forms of media that could be used to get into our own Nightmare World. He talks about how only movies can get our endorphons going, but what about a good book? I know that when I get involved in a good book that I totally block out everybody and everything else, just to focus on the book. One thing that a book can do for you, or you do it for yourself, is that with a book you can read the discription of the character, but you get to picture him/her in your own way in your head, which might let you get rid of some of the gears that we might have built up in our heads. Another media that really is just now getting exposed is books on tape. They let you totally relax to a reader which might even be the author, describe the story in his/her own thought and voice. Thus letting you totally relax into the story and hearing it the way that it was ment to be. This method of media would also allow you to release the hor rors of your own Nightmare World. .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .postImageUrl , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:hover , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:visited , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:active { border:0!important; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:active , .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1 .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a67a9d0e80fc7e39298390ec05b16f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antisocial personality disorders EssayAll together many different things contribute factors to our nightmare world. But most importantly, we can release all of these fears in the safe envirnment of our own heads. English Essays